Portugal, known for its picturesque landscapes, delicious cuisine and warm climate, also has something unique that catches the eye at every turn – azulejos tiles. These beautiful, hand-painted ceramic tiles adorn walls, building facades, churches and even subway stations, creating unique mosaics that have become a symbol of Portuguese culture. In this article, we’ll take a look at the history and significance of azulejos and find out where in Portugal you can see the most beautiful ones. You will also learn where you can buy these iconic tiles online.
History of the Azulejos
Azulejos, although mainly associated with Portugal, have their roots inArab culture. The word “azulejo” comes from the Arabic term“al zellij,” meaning “small polished stone.” The technique was brought to the Iberian Peninsula by the Moors in the 8th century. In Portugal, azulejos began to gain popularity in the 15th century, when King Manuel I visited Spain and became enamored with the colorful tiles there. Inspired, he decided to bring the art to his country, where it became an integral part of Portuguese architecture.
Symbolism and Style
Azulejos are not only decorative, but also a form of depicting a piece of history. These tiles often depict biblical scenes, floral motifs, geometric patterns, as well as historical events. In the 17th century, azulejos began to play the role of a kind of “comic books,” showing the history of Portugal on the walls of churches, palaces and homes. Often in cities, panels created from tiles show events, people or places important to the place.
The color scheme of azulejos is equally varied, although tiles in shades of blue and white are the most distinctive. This style, known as “azul e branco, ” became popular in the 18th century and refers to porcelain imported from China. Blue symbolizes heaven, faith and purity, which emphasizes the spiritual dimension of this art.
Where to See the Most Beautiful Azulejos?
Portugal is full of places where you can admire azulejos in all their glory. Here are a few of them:
1. Lisbon – Jerónimos Monastery (Mosteiro dos Jerónimos): this impressive monastery is an example of Portuguese Gothic, and its interiors are decorated with richly decorated azulejos depicting religious scenes. Entrance to the monastery costs 21 euros and you can buy a ticket online purchase here >>.
2 Porto – São Bento Station: Porto’s train station is one of the most beautiful in Europe, and its main hall is covered with thousands of azulejos depicting scenes from Portuguese history.
3. Sintra – National Palace: In this magical place azulejos decorate not only the walls, but also the floors, creating an extremely harmonious space. Entrance to the palace costs 19 euros and you can buy a ticket here >>.
You can also book a day trip from Lisbon to Sintra with a Polish guide here >>.
4. Coimbra – University of Coimbra: The Aula Magna, a lecture hall in this historic university, is decorated with magnificent azulejos that add to its unique character.
National Tile Museum in Lisbon
Lisbon‘s National Tile Museum, known as the Museu Nacional do Azulejo, is one of the most important museums in Portugal. Housed in the beautiful 16th century convent of Madre de Deus, which is itself a monument of rich history and architecture The museum displays an extensive collection of azulejos tiles from the 15th century to the present, illustrating the development of this art over the centuries. Among the exhibits are both individual tiles and entire compositions, including an impressive panorama of Lisbon from before the 1755 earthquake. The museum also offers insights into tile-making techniques and their cultural significance in Portuguese history.
The museum is open every day except Mondays from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. and 2 p.m. to 6 p.m. From 1 p.m. to 2 p.m. the museum is closed. The last entrance to the museum is at 5:30 pm.
The ticket price is 8 euros. You can buy a ticket to the Tile Museum in Lisbon here >>.
You can also check museum ticket availability below.
How are Azulejos created?
The process of creating azulejos is extremely time-consuming and requires precision. The tiles are molded from clay and then fired in a kiln. After the first firing, a special glaze is applied to the tiles, which becomes the surface for painting. Traditionally, patterns are painted by hand, although modern mechanical methods are also used. After the pattern is applied, the tiles are fired again, which gives them their characteristic luster and durability.
Where to buy Azulejos tiles?
Azulejos tiles are a great decorative element for any home. It is also a sensational gift idea not only for fans of Portugal. You can buy tiles lined with cork or in cork in the form of coasters for hot dishes. You can buy both the tiles themselves, as well as ceramic tile coasters and other Portuguese decorations at the Cork Factory. Be sure to check out available azulejos tile patterns here >>.
Azulejos Today
Contemporary azulejos retain many of the traditional techniques, but are also used in modern ways. Artists and architects are eager to use these tiles to create modern installations and building facades. Azulejos can also be found in fashion, fine art and design, a testament to their timeless appeal. If you want to see how the patterns of typical azulejos are used on Portuguese products, be sure to take a look at the Cork Factory. Here you will find cork products, textiles and Portuguese ceramics , among other things .
Summary
Azulejos are an intrinsic part of Portuguese culture and heritage that has delighted locals and tourists for centuries. These beautiful tiles are not only decorative, but also carry stories and symbolism that give Portugal’s architecture its unique character. On your next visit to Portugal, look out for these small works of art that tell big stories. If, on the other hand, you want a piece of Portugal without leaving home, be sure to take a look at the Cork Factory.
